Stamps, Signs, and Marks of European Makers
800 – Old Italian; Continental (80% silver)
830 – Scandinavian silver (83% silver)
835 – German (83.5% silver: Moon, Crown)
835 – Italian (83.5% silver; Star, Polygon; 1970s)
835 – German; Dutch; Danish (83.5% silver; TEKA)
875 – Russian (84=87.5%, 88=91.6%, 91=94.8%, 96=99%)
900 – Coin silver (90% silver)
925 – Sterling Silver (92.5% silver; TEKA, HK, DIL)
935 – Argentium(93.5% silver)
950 – French first standard (95% silver: Minerva head)
958 – Britannia (95.8% silver)
960 – Argentium(96% silver)
Rolled Gold – (5% gold) A manufacturing process where a thick sheet of gold is permanently bonded (usually by heat and pressure) onto a base metal core (like brass).
Amerikaner – (5% gold) German term for Doublé or Rolled Gold/Gold-Filled. The name references the fact that the process was heavily industrialized and popularized in the U.S.
Doublé – (5% gold) French term for the same process as Rolled Gold or Gold-Filled. It literally means “doubled” or “plated.”
Process – A sheet of solid gold (usually 10k to 14k) is mechanically bonded (fused under heat and pressure) to a base metal core (like brass). Makers are legally required to have a minimum of 5% (or 1/20th) of its total weight in gold. Usually stamped with the gold fineness and a fraction (1/20 14K GF, 14K Doublé, 14K Amerikaner).
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